供应链管理

提升应急物资保障效能是推进应急管理体系和能力现代化的重要举措，如何驱动多元主体形成协同合力，是当前亟待破解的重要问题。文章构建由政府部门、应急保供企业、社会公众三方主体构成的演化博弈模型，分析多元主体在应急物资保障中的策略选择及其动态演化过程，阐明政府信息共享成本、应急保供能力提升补贴、公众学习成本等因素对三方主体策略演化的影响。研究表明：第一，系统的理想演化稳定策略组合为政府部门“实施信息共享”、应急保供企业“提升应急能力”、社会公众“主动参与应急”;第二，通过降低政府信息共享成本，可以有效增强政府共享意愿，激励企业提升应急保供能力，但会产生公众参与的“挤出效应”;第三，通过建立应急能力提升专项补贴机制，不仅能够直接促进企业提升保供能力，也有助于提升政府信息共享与公众主动参与意愿；第四，通过降低公众的应急学习成本，可以加速其选择主动参与应急的策略演化，倒逼政府与企业提升协同努力。

Enhancing the efficiency of emergency material support is a critical measure for advancing the modernization of the emergency management system and capabilities. How to drive multiple stakeholders to form synergistic efforts is an important and urgent issue that needs to be addressed. This paper constructs an evolutionary game model involving three parties: government departments, emergency supply enterprises, and the public. It analyzes the strategic choices and dynamic evolution processes of these multiple stakeholders in emergency material support, and proposes differentiated models to drive the system towards an ideal steady state, and clarifies the impact of factors such as the cost of government information sharing, subsidies for improving emergency supply capacity, and public learning costs on the strategic evolution of the three parties. The findings are as follows: First, the ideal evolutionary stable strategy(ESS) combination for the system is “implementing information sharing” by government departments, “enhancing emergency capabilities” by emergency supply enterprises, and “active participation in emergency response” by the public. Second, reducing the cost of government information sharing can effectively strengthen the government's willingness to share and incentivize enterprises to improve their emergency supply capacity, but it may lead to a “crowding-out effect” on public participation. Third, establishing a specialized subsidy mechanism for enhancing emergency capacity can not only directly promote enterprises to improve their supply capacity but also help increase the willingness of the government to share information and the public to participate actively. Fourth, reducing the public's emergency learning costs can accelerate their strategic evolution toward active participation in emergency efforts, thereby compelling the government and enterprises to enhance their collaborative efforts.